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The census found the population of the city to be ,, [5] making Albuquerque the 32nd-most populous city in the United States and the fourth-largest in the Southwest. It is the principal city of the Albuquerque metropolitan area , which had , residents as of July , and it is part of the Albuquerque—Santa Fe—Las Vegas combined statistical area which had a population of 1,, as of January Petroglyphs carved into basalt in the western part of the city bear testimony to an early Native American presence in the area, now preserved in the Petroglyph National Monument.
The Tanoan and Keresan peoples had lived along the Rio Grande for centuries before European settlers arrived in what is now Albuquerque. By the s, there were around 20 Tiwa pueblos along a mile 97 km stretch of river from present-day Algodones to the Rio Puerco confluence south of Belen.
Of these, 12 or 13 were densely clustered near present-day Bernalillo and the remainder were spread out to the south. The Navajo , Apache , and Comanche peoples were also likely to have set camps in the Albuquerque area, as there is evidence of trade and cultural exchange between the different Native American groups going back centuries before European arrival. Albuquerque was a farming and shepherding community and strategically located trading and military outpost along the Camino Real , for the other already established for the Tiquex and Hispano towns in the area, such as Barelas , Corrales , Isleta Pueblo , Los Ranchos , and Sandia Pueblo.
After , Mexico also had a military presence there. The town of Alburquerque was built in the traditional Spanish villa pattern: a central plaza surrounded by government buildings, homes, and a church. This central plaza area has been preserved and is open to the public as a cultural area and center of commerce.
Built in , it is one of the oldest surviving buildings in the city. After the New Mexico Territory became a part of the United States, Albuquerque had a federal garrison and quartermaster depot, the Post of Albuquerque, from to In Beyond the Mississippi , Albert D. Richardson , traveling to California via coach, passed through Albuquerque in late October —its population was 3, at the time—and described it as “one of the richest and pleasantest towns, with a Spanish cathedral and other buildings more than two hundred years old.
During the Civil War , Albuquerque was occupied for a month in February by Confederate troops under General Henry Hopkins Sibley , who soon afterwards advanced with his main body into northern New Mexico.
During his retreat from Union troops into Texas , he made a stand on April 8, at Albuquerque and fought the Battle of Albuquerque against a detachment of Union soldiers commanded by Colonel Edward R. This daylong engagement at long range led to few casualties, as the citizens of Albuquerque aided the Republican Union to rid the city of the occupying Confederate troops.
When the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad arrived in , it bypassed the Plaza, locating the passenger depot and railyards about 2 miles 3 km east in what quickly became known as New Albuquerque or New Town. The railway company built a hospital for its workers that was later a juvenile psychiatric facility and has now been converted to a hotel. From this commercial center on July 4, , Park Van Tassel became the first to fly a balloon in Albuquerque with a landing at Old Town.
Due to a rising rate of violent crime, gunman Milt Yarberry was appointed the town’s first marshal that year. New Albuquerque was incorporated as a town in , with Henry N. Jaffa its first mayor. It was incorporated as a city in Old Albuquerque High School , the city’s first public high school, was established in Congregation Albert , a Reform synagogue established in , is the oldest continuing Jewish organization in the city.
By , Albuquerque boasted a population of 8, inhabitants and all the modern amenities, including an electric street railway connecting Old Town, New Town, and the recently established University of New Mexico campus on the East Mesa.
In , the famous Alvarado Hotel was built adjacent to the new passenger depot, and it remained a symbol of the city until it was razed in to make room for a parking lot. In , the Alvarado Transportation Center was built on the site in a manner resembling the old landmark. The large metro station functions as the downtown headquarters for the city’s transit department. It also serves as an intermodal hub for local buses, Greyhound buses, Amtrak passenger trains, and the Rail Runner commuter rail line.
New Mexico’s dry climate brought many tuberculosis patients to the city in search of a cure during the early 20th century, and several sanitaria sprang up on the West Mesa to serve them. Presbyterian Hospital and St. Joseph Hospital, two of the largest hospitals in the Southwest, had their beginnings during this period. The first travelers on Route 66 appeared in Albuquerque in , and before long, dozens of motels, restaurants, and gift shops had sprung up along the roadside to serve them.
Route 66 originally ran through the city on a north—south alignment along Fourth Street, but in it was realigned along Central Avenue , a more direct east—west route. The intersection of Fourth and Central downtown was the principal crossroads of the city for decades.
The majority of the surviving structures from the Route 66 era are on Central, though there are also some on Fourth. Signs between Bernalillo and Los Lunas along the old route now have brown, historical highway markers denoting it as Pre Route Meanwhile, the city continued to expand outward into the Northeast Heights, reaching a population of , by In , it was , and in it was , In June , Albuquerque was listed as the sixth fastest-growing city in the United States.
Census Bureau reported Albuquerque’s population as Only the conventional trigger detonated, the bomb being unarmed. These incidents were classified for decades. Albuquerque’s downtown entered the same phase and development decline, ” urban renewal ” with continued decline, and gentrification as nearly every city across the United States. As Albuquerque spread outward, the downtown area fell into a decline. Many historic buildings were razed in the s and s to make way for new plazas, high-rises, and parking lots as part of the city’s urban renewal phase.
As of [update] , only recently has Downtown Albuquerque come to regain much of its urban character, mainly through the construction of many new loft apartment buildings and the renovation of historic structures such as the KiMo Theater , in the gentrification phase.
During the 21st century, the Albuquerque population has continued to grow rapidly. The population of the city proper was estimated at , in , up from , in the census. The passage of the Planned Growth Strategy in — was the community’s strongest effort to create a framework for a more balanced and sustainable approach to urban growth.
Suburban growth continues at a strong pace to the west, beyond the Petroglyph National Monument, once thought to be a natural boundary to sprawl development. Because of less-costly land and lower taxes, much of the growth in the metropolitan area is taking place outside of the city of Albuquerque itself. In Rio Rancho to the northwest, the communities east of the mountains, and the incorporated parts of Valencia County , population growth rates approach twice that of Albuquerque.
The primary cities in Valencia County are Los Lunas and Belen , both of which are home to growing industrial complexes and new residential subdivisions. The mountain towns of Tijeras , Edgewood , and Moriarty , while close enough to Albuquerque to be considered suburbs, have experienced much less growth compared to Rio Rancho, Bernalillo, Los Lunas, and Belen.
Limited water supply and rugged terrain are the main limiting factors for development in these towns.
The Mid Region Council of Governments MRCOG , which includes constituents from throughout the Albuquerque area, was formed to ensure that these governments along the middle Rio Grande would be able to meet the needs of their rapidly rising populations. In October , the Albuquerque Journal reported Albuquerque as the third best city to own an investment property. Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the U.
The civic apex is found in an undeveloped area within the Albuquerque Open Space; there, the terrain rises to an elevation of approximately 6, feet 2, m , and the metropolitan area’s highest point is the Sandia Mountains crest at an altitude of 10, feet 3, m. Albuquerque lies within the center of the Albuquerque Basin ecoregion, centered on the Rio Grande with its Bosque gallery forest, flanked easterly by the Sandia — Manzano Mountains and westerly by the West Mesa.
Albuquerque has one of the highest elevations of any major city in the United States, though the effects of this are greatly tempered by its southwesterly continental position. The elevation of the city ranges from 4, feet 1, m above sea level near the Rio Grande in the Valley to over 6, feet 1, m in the foothill areas of Sandia Heights and Glenwood Hills.
At the airport, the elevation is 5, feet 1, m above sea level. The Rio Grande is classified, like the Nile , as an “exotic” river. The New Mexico portion of the Rio Grande lies within the Rio Grande Rift Valley, bordered by a system of faults , including those that lifted up the adjacent Sandia and Manzano Mountains , while lowering the area where the life-sustaining Rio Grande now flows.
Albuquerque lies in the Albuquerque Basin , a portion of the Rio Grande rift. The pink is due to large exposures of granodiorite cliffs, and the green is due to large swaths of conifer forests. However, Robert Julyan notes in The Place Names of New Mexico , “the most likely explanation is the one believed by the Sandia Pueblo Indians: the Spaniards, when they encountered the Pueblo in , called it Sandia, because they thought the squash growing there were watermelons, and the name Sandia soon was transferred to the mountains east of the pueblo.
The Sandia foothills, on the west side of the mountains, have soils derived from that same rock material with varying sizes of decomposed granite, mixed with areas of clay and caliche a calcium carbonate deposit common in the arid southwestern USA , along with some exposed granite bedrock.
Below the foothills, the area usually called the “Northeast Heights” consists of a mix of clay and caliche soils, overlaying a layer of decomposed granite, resulting from long-term outwash of that material from the adjacent mountains.
This bajada is quite noticeable when driving into Albuquerque from the north or south, due to its fairly uniform slope from the mountains’ edge downhill to the valley. Sand hills are scattered along the I corridor and directly above the Rio Grande Valley, forming the lower end of the Heights.
The Rio Grande Valley, due to long-term shifting of the actual river channel, contains layers and areas of soils varying between caliche , clay, loam, and even some sand. It is the only part of Albuquerque where the water table often lies close to the surface, sometimes less than 10 feet 3. The last significant area of Albuquerque geologically is the West Mesa : this is the elevated land west of the Rio Grande, including “West Bluff”, the sandy terrace immediately west and above the river, and the rather sharply defined volcanic escarpment above and west of most of the developed city.
The west mesa commonly has soils often referred to as “blow sand”, along with occasional clay and caliche and even basalt, nearing the escarpment.
Scrub and mesa vegetation such as sand sagebrush Artemisia filifolia , fourwing saltbush Atriplex canescens , Indian ricegrass Oryzopsis hymenoides , sand dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus , and mesa dropseed Sporobolus flexuosus is often found in sandy soils. Arroyos contain desert willow Chilopsis linearis while breaks and the prominent volcanic escarpment include threeleaf sumac with less frequent stands of oneseed juniper Juniperus monosperma , netleaf hackberry Celtis reticulata , mariola Parthenium incanum , and beebrush or oreganillo Aloysia wrightii.
In the bosque are the eponymous Rio Grande cottonwood Populus deltoides var. Other trees native to the bosque include, New Mexico olive Forestiera pubescens var. Non-native plants such as Siberian elm , Russian olive , saltcedar , mulberries , Ailanthus , and ravenna grass also exist in large quantities. Native birds such as the greater roadrunner thrive in the city.
Other birds include the common raven, American crow, great-tailed grackle, Gambel’s and scaled quail, several species of hummingbirds, house finch, pigeon, mourning dove, white wing and European collared doves both recent appearances , curve-billed thrasher, pinyon jay, and Cooper’s, Swainson’s, and red-tail hawks. The valley hosts sandhill cranes each winter. Other fauna include reptilia and amphibia such as the southwestern fence lizard and New Mexico whiptail Aspidoscelis neomexicanus , the New Mexico garter snake , the bullsnake , Woodhouse toads , New Mexico spadefoot toads , and tadpole shrimp “Triops”.
As well as arthropods like the plains cicada , vinegaroon , desert centipede , white-lined sphynx hummingbird moth , two-tailed swallowtail , fig beetle , New Mexico mantis , and harvester ant. Albuquerque is geographically divided into four quadrants that are officially part of mailing addresses. The north—south dividing line is Central Avenue the path that Route 66 took through the city , and the east—west dividing line is the Rail Runner tracks.
This quadrant has been experiencing a housing expansion since the late s. It abuts the base of the Sandia Mountains and contains portions of the foothills neighborhoods, which are significantly higher, in elevation and price range, than the rest of the city. Running from Central Avenue and the railroad tracks to the Sandia Peak Aerial Tram , this is the largest quadrant both geographically and by population.
A few houses in the farthest reach of this quadrant lie in the Cibola National Forest , just over the line into Sandoval County. The area has a mixture of commercial districts and low to high-income neighborhoods. This quadrant also contains the North Valley settlement, outside the city limits, which has some expensive homes and small ranches along the Rio Grande.
The city of Albuquerque engulfs the village of Los Ranchos de Albuquerque.
History of New Mexico – Wikipedia – Citation Information
The governor named the settlement San Juan de los Caballeros. Colonized by Spain , the land that is now New Mexico became U. New Mexico. New Mexico was first settled ten millennia ago, by Pueblo Indians who built cities and sophisticated irrigation systems. Pueblo ruins are found throughout the state. The current name is an anglicized version for this upper Rio Grande area. The city was originally occupied by a number of Pueblo Indian villages with founding dates between to Spain The area that is New Mexico was claimed by Spain in the 16th century, became part of Mexico in , and was ceded to the United States in through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
From the past to the present, New Mexico is also known for its vivacious arts scene that brings color and flair to the arid desert state. New Mexico is known for: Diverse landscape. Birthplace of the nuclear bomb. Ancient Pueblo People. Men can go naked as long as their genitals are covered. This is certainly one of the strangest weird laws in New Mexico. Federal land is managed for many purposes, such as the conservation and development of natural resources, grazing and recreation.
The federal government owns The boundaries of the New Mexico Territory at the time of establishment September 9, contained most of the present-day State of New Mexico, more…. Here are the 10 states with the most welfare recipients: New Mexico 21, per k Welfare Recipients by State State New Mexico Food Stamps…. Across New Mexico, there is a shortage of rental homes affordable and available to extremely low income households ELI , whose incomes are at or below….
Land of Enchantment may be the official nickname, but it is not the only nickname as New Mexico has other recognized unofficial nicknames. One of…. New Mexico grows chile, corn, wheat, onions, peanuts, pistachios, pecans, hay, cotton, and beans. There are over 1. Willow Shields. Neil Patrick Harris. Dennis Hopper.
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– New mexico founded date
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